Rutting, due to permanent deformations of unbound materials, is one of the principal damage modes of low-traffic pavements. Flexible pavement design methods remain empirical; they do not take into account the inelastic behaviour of pavement materials and do not predict the rutting under cyclic loading. A simplified method, based on the concept of the shakedown theory developed by Zarka for metallic structures under cyclic loadings, has been used to estimate the permanent deformations of unbound granular materials subjected to traffic loading. Based on repeated load triaxial tests, a general procedure has been developed for the determination of the material parameters of the constitutive model. Finally, the results of a finite elements modelling of the long-term behaviour of a flexible pavement with the simplified method are presented and compared with the results of a full-scale flexible pavement experiment performed by Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées. Finally, the calculation of the rut depth evolution with time is carried out.
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机译：由于未结合的材料的永久变形，车辙是低交通量路面的主要破坏方式之一。灵活的路面设计方法仍然是经验。他们没有考虑铺装材料的非弹性行为，也没有预测循环荷载作用下的车辙。基于Zarka为循环载荷下的金属结构开发的减震理论的概念，一种简化的方法已用于估计承受交通载荷的未结合颗粒材料的永久变形。基于重复载荷三轴试验，已经开发了确定本构模型材料参数的通用程序。最后，介绍了使用简化方法对柔性路面的长期行为进行有限元建模的结果，并将其与由Laboratoire Central des Ponts etChaussées进行的大规模柔性路面实验的结果进行了比较。最后，进行了车辙深度随时间的演化计算。
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